DESIGN OF SMART HYDROPONICS INDOOR APPLICATION BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS USING THE PROTOTYPING METHOD
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Abstract
The growing population and limited land availability are driving the development of efficient alternative farming methods. Indoor hydroponics is an innovative soilless cultivation solution; however, manually managing environmental parameters such as pH, TDS/EC, temperature, humidity, CO₂, and tVOC is inefficient. This study designs the SHIRi (Smart Indoor Hydroponics) system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using the prototyping method. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller connected to pH, TDS/EC, DS18B20, DHT21, and SGP30 sensors, along with actuators including peristaltic pumps and a grow light. Data is transmitted via the MQTT protocol to a Mosquitto broker, stored in a Supabase database, and visualized through a responsive real-time web dashboard. The system supports two operating modes: Manual and Auto (rule engine). The prototyping method was applied iteratively in three cycles. Testing showed average pH sensor error of 0.1 units, TDS/EC 1.2ppm, water temperature 0.2°C, and humidity 1.5% so it has accuracy 97%. All dashboard features were successfully validated with an average update delay of 1.3 seconds. This system is expected to support autonomous and precision indoor hydroponics management.
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References
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